GPS - Time Keeping in the Satellite Age

We are all used with the Sat Nav now. More and more people are installing these little black boxes in their cars and throwing away their old paper road maps. The advantages of satellite navigation are many fold - from constant updates to keep the current cards on the way to pin point your location miles from any landmarks or road signs.

Currently underway, the U.S. military's Global Positioning System (GPS), currently the world's only fully functional GlobalNavigation Satellite System (GNSS). However, the Europeans their own GNSS system called Galileo, have started that is expected to be fully operational 2013th Russia and China to work well on their own systems.

This means accurate finding for all of us how the different GNSS will be interoperable. However, there are more than just to GNSS-bearing. GNSS systems using satellites of the work of several thousand miles above the earth, that beamPosition data to a GNSS receiver (like a gps).

Locate the exact location, however, require all GNSS systems is an absolute time source, the source of a time, just as human as possible, by an atomic clock. Without knowing exactly what time it is a GNSS satellite is unable to accurately pin point a location (like the Earth, satellites and people all move to a place can only by a location and time) are defined.Because of the distance of satellite from Earth, even an inaccuracy of one or two seconds could mean a Sat NAV could be miles out of position.

As a result of you taking this precise time sources, GPS and the new generation of GNSS systems are all used to an absolute or UTC (Universal Coordinated Time) time source obtained. This time source is currently used by computer networks running an NTP server to synchronize all machines and devices at the same time.

After a periodBroadcast signal to the world means to synchronize the entire globe, the exact same time, vital in many computer applications.

If the new GNSS systems are fully functional, timing accuracy will also be on the side in the direction of increasing the accuracy.

Find Out How On Demand Gas Water Heaters Operate

Rather than simply accepting how a particular item functions based on face value, it is a good idea to find out how it actually works as well as the intended results to expect from the product. More consumers are taking this informative approach to the items they purchase including water heaters. The more you understand about how an on demand gas water heater operates the more knowledge you will have on how it can benefit your home or business.

The basic concept behind on demand gas water heaters is the very same as with a normal gas water heater. The gas is ignited in a controlled environment. You will be able to tell it is working as the blue flames heat the water to the desired temperature. The main differences between the two types of water heater systems are how they burn and when they heat the water.

A standard gas water heater system contains a tank where the water flows to a set level in the tank. The system will then ignite the pilot so the burners heat up. It will burn until the water is adjusted to the temperature. This type of water heater system will constantly keep heating the water to the correct temperature. Therefore, it is not the most efficient type of system for heating water. This is the main reason to decide so many people responsible for updating to have an on-demand gas water heater.

An on-demand gas water heater offers an efficient system that heats only water is needed an outlet. As soon as someone on one of the hotWater system immediately ignites and pushes the water through heating coils that operate from the combustion of natural gas. The energy of this type of water heater is very high, since the system burns only when hot water is being accessed.

External Website Load Stress Testing in a Nutshell

We are always very enthusiastic about the traffic situation, we think, attracts more visitors to our Web site, the more profitable our e-business should be. Well, that's true, but unfortunately only to a certain limit. Too many visitors enormous burden on Web servers and network components cause the results to website slowdown or even failure to bring web applications to crash and thus customer dissatisfaction and mistrust. What needs doing? You need to prepare for high-traffic, find the bottlenecks inYour web applications, and know exactly how many users your web server without the risk of a slowdown. External website load stress testing could help you.

The easiest way to find the weak points of your Web server and your network is a web-load stress test carried out. Nowadays it is easy to a lot of internal and external stress testing solutions. The internal instruments have, no matter how complex and expensive they are, a common drawback: they are either installedthe Web server being tested, or on a computer that belongs to the same network as the web server. Of course, this approach can not be "clean" results, as in this case, the request examination divides the hardware resources it should be investigated.

External web load stress testing solutions, on the contrary, outside of your network, they can offer the most comprehensive picture of your Web server behavior under heavy traffic loads. A progressive external stress testsService is generally more testing agents (servers) in various parts of the world. The agents can simulate up to 10 000 simultaneous Internet visitors! Each user can be simulated via your Web applications more than once to go, that's why the generated traffic can be really overwhelming. Of course it is up to you to choose how many "users" will connect to your Web server and how often.

What should you do during the test?

Their primary task is to monitor your webServer hardware resources such as CPU usage, RAM and disk usage. Your stress testing service will generate a detailed report for you, but your own protocols will help you immensely.

Why did the exact timing is so important?

You do not need to do your best at the moment when stress testing begins, so the exact time on your system, the central question here is lacking. The most serious stress testing services are synchronized with atomic clocks.

How To Select A Tankless Water Heater?

What is a tankless water heater?

Tankless water heater, as the say in the name implies, is the type of water heater, the hot water without the use of a tank makes available. Also known water heater, the heater heats water on demand. If on the water tap, cold water flows through the heating device switched on and delivers hot water at the end of the user.

Tankless water heater does not work differently than the conventional hot water system - itdoes not require a tank for hot water tank and it is environmentally friendly because the system standby power consumption is avoided.

Shopping for tankless water heater?

There are some points taken into consideration when it comes to choosing the right tankless water heater. Power supplies, capacity, and application are not only avoid some of the majors, the buyer.

Power supplies with a tankless water heater

Tankless water heaters are usually powered byElectricity, gas, or propane. Different power types are designed for different applications.

For example, electric tankless water heaters have lower Energy-efficiency is, however, it will be easier to install. On the other hand, gas or propane powered tankless water heaters more efficient performance, but more complex installation.

Application of the tankless water heater

If you are shopping for tankless water heater, you must be aware that some of these heaters for individualPoint application and some multi-point application. Single point application means that you have only a single output for domestic hot water (shower tap, for example), while the number of points you can have more hot water (for example, shower and sink) fittings.

The capacity of the tankless water heater

Tankless water heaters are the size to its maximum temperature rise possible at a certain flow rate. Getting started an oversized heater is a waste of money, while heating with tooprovide low-capacity not enough hot water.

What is the maximum water consumption (gallons per minute, GPM) at a time? What is the cold water temperature in your area? What is necessary to increase the temperature? There are questions to be answered before your purchase.

Wrapping things ...

Electric tankless water heater about $ 100 - $ 200 price, while gas-powered water heaters get $ 800 - $ 900 It's not a cheap buy for your home in orderCareful reflection is needed before making your purchase.

NTP - Using an Atomic Clock Receiver For Time Synchronisation

Atomic clocks are accurate timekeeping devices developed by man. Modern atomic clocks are so accurate that, also lost 100 million years, less than one second of time would go.

This accuracy makes it ideal reference for an NTP server (Network Time Protocol). NTP is a protocol, much to synchronize computer networks over the Internet from Local Area Network (LAN).

This article describes how to synchronize a computer network with NTP, a> Atomic clock source.

Atomic clocks are so accurate that a general time limit has been developed called UTC (Coordinated Universal Time), which is based on the time told by atomic clocks. UTC is used worldwide and is the same everywhere so that different computer networks to be synchronized at the same time.

Unfortunately, atomic clocks are extremely expensive, extremely delicate and quite bulky equipment so that they can only reallylarge-scale physics laboratories or in highly technical equipment such as satellites.

Synchronize Fortunately own NTP servers can to the UTC time with an atomic clock as the source of the two gives us the national time and frequency transmissions or the GPS (Global Positioning System) network.

Many national physics laboratories such as NPL in the United Kingdom, Germany NPL and NIST in the United States UTC time, a reference to long-wave radio broadcastTransmission. These signals can be picked up from an NTP server with a radio receiver. Unfortunately, the radio transmissions are not broadcast by all countries, and the signals is finite.

Fortunately, the constellation of satellites that make up the GPS network of the United States all have an atomic clock on board. This signal is used by satellite navigation receivers, used to work out position, but can also by a GPS NTP server as a timing source.

Either with a radio-referencedNTP server or GPS time server synchronization to be possible within a few milliseconds of UTC.

Seven Reasons Why Your Network Needs a Time Server

Time servers, which are often used as an NTP server according to the protocol (Network Time Protocol) to distribute time to set out an increasingly important component of any computer network. The NTP server receives a time signal from a specific source (such as an atomic clock) and then distributes it to all devices on the network.

But still not synchronized, despite the increasing importance of time synchronization devices, many network administrators carefullytheir networks and can leave their entire computer system vulnerabilities.

Here are seven reasons why a NTP server is a crucial piece of equipment for your network:

• Safety: NTP server you use an external source of time and not rely on an open firewall port. A server will be synchronized also susceptible to malicious users who can take advantage of time differences into account.

• Error logging sync: not appropriate a computer network may mean that it is closeimpossible to follow, errors or malicious attacks, especially when times are not on the log files from other computers match.

• have legal protection: Not able to able to demonstrate the time legal consequences if someone has tied fraud or other illegal activities against your company.

• Accuracy: NTP Time Server to ensure that all computers on the network are automatically synchronized to the exact time on your network, so that everyone in your company can have access to the exactTime.

• Global Harmony: A global time scale as UTC (Universal Time Coordinated) is known to be developed to ensure that systems can be accurately performed around the world at the same time. By using an NTP server, not just each device is synchronized over you network together, but your network is connected to every other network on Earth that are synchronized to UTC.

• Control: With an NTP server that you have control over the configuration. You can authorize the automatic changes each spring andFall for the summer time, or set your server time to UTC time only - or even be blocked, a time zone that you choose.

• Automatic update of time. No user intervention is required, an NTP server account for leap seconds and time zones to ensure trouble free synchronization.